What is the term for a computer crime where one person pretends to be someone else?

The term that describes a computer crime where one person pretends to be someone else is identity theft. This occurs when an individual unlawfully obtains and uses someone else's personal information, such as their name, social security number, or credit card information, to commit fraud or other illegal activities. Identity thieves often pose as the victim to access financial resources or other confidential information.

Phishing, while also a type of fraud involving deception, specifically refers to the act of tricking individuals into providing sensitive information by masquerading as a trustworthy source, typically through emails or fake websites, rather than directly taking on someone else's identity. Hacking involves unauthorized access to computer systems or networks but does not necessarily involve impersonation of an individual. Scamming encompasses a broader range of fraudulent activities, but it does not specifically address the act of one person assuming the identity of another.

Thus, identity theft is the most precise and relevant term for the act of pretending to be someone else in a computer crime context.